從騰訊與奇瑞QQ之爭談「馳名商標」跨類保護（附：英文版）

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來源：IPRdaily中文網（IPRdaily.cn）

作者：馬慧敏  北京市商泰律師事務所

原標題：從騰訊與奇瑞QQ之爭談馳名商標跨類保護

騰訊QQ是騰訊公司1999年推出的國內首款即時通訊軟件，而奇瑞QQ是奇瑞公司在2003年7月推出的一款微型轎車，兩“QQ”均在其領域享有很高的知名度，從過去到現在一直在為“QQ”這個名號爭執不休，商標爭奪則成為雙方這場爭奪戰的主戰場。

2014年7月17日北京市高級人民法院作出（2014）高行終字第1696號終審判決，如下：騰訊公司主張的國家工商總局商標評審委員會（以下簡稱商評委）在對其注冊爭議商標的正當性，奇瑞公司在汽車商品上使用“QQ”商標的不正當性以及請求認定其在第38類通訊服務上注冊和使用的“QQ”商標已構成馳名商標等答辯意見存在紕漏，不具有法律依據不予支持。

回顧事件始末，早在2005年騰訊公司在第12類汽車等商品上申請注冊了“QQ”商標，并于2008年獲批。但這引起了奇瑞公司的不滿，奇瑞認為騰訊違反了《商標法》第十三條、第三十二條中關于“復制模仿馳名商標、類似商品上的相同近似商標、損害他人在先權利”等規定，并于2009年向商評委提出撤銷騰訊公司的汽車類商標申請，且獲得支持。隨后騰訊公司不服裁定將商評委告上法院，奇瑞公司作為第三人出庭。

我國商標法第十三條規定：“……就不相同或者不相類似商品申請注冊的商標是復制、摹仿或者翻譯他人已經在中國注冊的馳名商標，誤導公眾，致使該馳名商標注冊人的利益可能受到損害的，不予注冊并禁止使用?！?br/>

既然騰訊QQ在奇瑞注冊商標時，已經是馳名商標了，那么，即使兩者不屬于同一個產業，奇瑞能不能再去申請？馳名商標的跨類保護力度究竟有多大？對于擁有馳名商標的企業而言是不是就高枕無憂了？

前段時間滇虹藥業與浙江省自然人陳某“康王”商標之爭的結果無疑是對此問題的側面解答。滇虹藥業擁有的“康王”商標在中藥、西藥等商品上多次被認定為馳名商標，陳某欲在嬰兒全套衣、襪等商品上申請注冊“康王Kangwang”商標。此案件歷經異議、異議復審、一審和二審行政訴訟程序，最終北京市高級人民法院作出（2014）高行終字第680號行政判決，對陳某服裝類“康王”商標予以核準注冊。

綜上可見，馳名商標在不相同或者不相類似的商品上跨類保護并非能跨全類保護，而要綜合考量商品在生產工藝、功能用途、銷售渠道、消費對象等方面是否均存在較大差異，是否分屬不同的行業領域，是否致使相關公眾的誤導，是否損害擁有馳名商標的企業利益。

馳名商標已無法為企業提供全類的保護，企業又如何對自己的商標進行全方位保護？

有人建議進行全類注冊已起到保護與防御相結合的作用，這種保護手段在大型企業比較常見，但對中小型企業而言45類全部注冊官費成本就在三萬多，還不算代理機構的代理費，這無疑是一筆不小的支出。

且商標法第四十九條規定：“……注冊商標成為其核定使用的商品的通用名稱或者沒有正當理由連續三年不使用的，任何單位或者個人可以向商標局申請撤銷該注冊商標……”，換而言之，即使45類全部注冊了且拿到了商標證書，企業也仍然面臨著商標連續三年不使用被撤銷的風險。

那么企業又該如何保護自己的商標權不受侵犯了？

就此，本人建議對有獨創性的設計在申請商標的同時做著作權登記，形成多重權利保護，根據商標法第三十二條之規定：“申請商標注冊不得損害他人現有的在先權利……”，因而以著作權作為在先權利防止他人將企業已注冊商標注冊在其他類別上不失為一種防御手段。且在我國著作權采用登記備案制度，無實質性審查；申請周期短（一般兩個多月即可下發證書）；費用相對低廉。

Talking about Additional Protection of Registered Well-know Trademark by QQ Dispute Between Tencent and Chery

Tencent QQ is the first instant messaging software in domestic launched by Tencent in the year of 1999, Chery QQ is Chery’s first minicar launched in July,2003. Both of them have high popularity in their own fields. They have been disputing for QQ for such a long time, and for now QQ trademark has been the main aim they are fighting.

Recently, for the dispute between them, the Beijing High People's Court gave No. 1696 final judgment as below: Tencent’s reply to claiming for the legitimacy of judgment from State Administration For Industry & Commerce of the PRC Trademark Review and Adjudication Board(hereinafter referred to as Trademark Review and Adjudication Board), the invalidity of Chery using QQ in car and identifying QQ as a registered well-know trademark in Category 38 for communication services, is lack of legal proof.

Review this event, Tencent had registered “QQ” as a trademark in Category 12 for car etc. in 2005 and approved in 2008.However, it caused dissatisfaction of Chery, which thought the approvement broke the rules of reproduction, imitation, or translation of another’s well-known trademark, an application for registration of a trademark on same or similar goods, infringing upon another party’s existing prior right etc. in Article 13 and Article 32 of Trademark Law of PRC and claimed for cancellation to Trademark Review and Adjudication Board and then got supported. Soon afterwards, Tencent arrested the judgment and appeal Trademark Review and Adjudication Board to the court and Chery appeared as the third party.

According to Article 13 in Trademark Law of PRC: “In the event of an application for registration of a trademark that is a reproduction, imitation, or translation of another’s well-known trademark registered in China on different or dissimilar goods, and consequentially is likely to create confusion and cause damage to the interests of the registrant for the well-known trademark, the application shall be rejected and the trademark shall be prohibited from use.” Tencent QQ has been a well-known trademark before Chery applies QQ, can Chery applies QQ for a trademark though there are not in the same field? How many categories of additional protection can a well-known trademark enjoy? Needn’t it to worry about trademark right to be infringed if an enterprise has a well-known trademark? Trademark battle for “Kangwang” between Dihon Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd and natural person Mr. Chen in Zhejing Province can be the answer to the questions above. Dihon Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd owns the trademark “Kangwang” in traditional Chinese medicine, western medicine etc., which has been recognized as a well-known trademark for several times, Mr. Chen wants to registers “Kangwang” in layettes, socks etc.. Through opposition, reexamination, first and second instance, finally, No. 680 final judgment given by the Beijing High People's Court allows Mr. Chen to register “Kangwang”.

Above all, well-known trademark can enjoy an additional protection in different or dissimilar goods does not mean it can be protected in all categories.

Differences of manufacturing technique, function and usage, distribution channel, target consumer, industry sector and whether misleading to relevant public or damaging the interests of well-known trademark owner should been considered.

How to protect trademark right comprehensively for enterprises under the circumstances of well-known trademark cannot protect all categories? Someone suggested that to register trademarks in all categories in order to protect and defense. It is common in large entities, however, it is hard for medium and small entities because of the huge cost, for example, the government is over 30,000 RMB for 45 categories excluding attorney fee. And under Article 49 of Trademark Law of PRC: “……where a registered trademark has become the generic name of the goods for which its use is approved or has not been in use for three consecutive years without justification, any entity or individual may apply to the Trademark Office for cancellation of the registered trademark ……”.In another word, even though the entity gets trademark certificate for 45 categories, it also may be cancelled for none use in three consecutive years.

How to protect trademark right comprehensively for enterprises? For this, I suggested that original design can apply for copyright registration when apply to register a trademark. According to Article 32 of Trademark Law of PRC: “The application for trademark registration shall not be allowed to harm other person’s prior right……”, copyright, as a prior right, can be a defensive way to prevent others from registering trademarks in other categories. Moreover in China copyright is just recorded (none substantive examination) with shorter application period (usually less than three months) and lower expense.

來源：IPRdaily中文網（IPRdaily.cn）

作者：馬慧敏  北京市商泰律師事務所

編輯：IPRdaily 趙珍  /   校對：IPRdaily   縱橫君

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