十七種知識產權商業模式

? ? ? ? ? ? ? （摘譯，文后附原文） ? ?? IPRdaily已獲編譯作者李春成授權

鄧肯.2008年9月3日如果你對知識產權事務感興趣，以下摘要你應當閱讀。知財資本有限公司(PCT Capital LLC)首席執行官雷蒙德.米理恩和拐點策略創始人兼董事總經理羅恩·勞里(InflexionPoint Strategy, LLC)以《已有的和新興的IP業務模式綜述》為藍本，簡要摘編了已經成型的和正在興起的知識產權商業模式，令人印象深刻。

你所看到下面的摘要是非常簡略的(我真的要推薦你閱讀更有深度全文：A summary of established and emerging IP business models。 十七種知識產權商業模式

一、正在興起的四種商業模式 1．知識產權事務交流/交易平臺。類似于紐交所和納斯達克，無論是實體或或網絡在線平臺，促進知識產權交易交流，包括創建的基于知識產權的金融工具或類似股票的上市和交易。計劃宣布創建交易交流( 2．防御性專利池。有選擇地獲取基于防守的專利組合。 3．技術/知識產權衍生融資。由傳統風險投資(VC)或私募股權公司組織，專門從事較大科技公司面臨困境的非核心知識產權衍生投資運作，或者創建大型技術公司之間的合資企業，以促進技術商業化和相關聯知識產權貨幣化。 4．基于專利的公共股指。創建基于現有的軟件工具和平臺正式的股票指數。

二、已成型的十三種商業模式 1．專利許可和訴訟公司(PLECs)。擁有一個或多個專利組合，試圖開展有目標的寫信活動將其專利或組合許可出去；之后對那些拒絕接受拒絕進入非排他性專利許可者，提起專利侵權訴訟。

2．機構專利聚合器/知識產權收購基金。通常作為有限合伙公司的普通合伙人的典型運作實體，以及從大型科技公司或資本市場籌集資金的運作實體。

3．知識產權 /技術開發公司。從事研發活動和知識產權創造(包括專利和專有技術) 實體，看起來就像運營一個傳統公司。然而，開發出的技術不是用于生產物質產品。

4．授權代理商。作用是幫助專利擁有者找到被許可者的專業中介機構。

5．訴訟金融/投資公司。知識產權收購基金和專利許可與訴訟公司（PLECs）之間的結合機制。

6．專利經紀人。與上面所討論的專利許可代理功能基本相同，但他們尋求幫助專利擁有者找到買家而不是被許可方。

7．基于知識產權的并購顧問。以傳統的投資銀行模式開展經營，就是為科技公司的并購活動提供建議，并根據整個交易的價值(或根據交易涉及的知識產權的價值按比例)收取服務費用。

8．知識產權拍賣行。就像倫敦佳士得和蘇富比拍賣行在古董和藝術品市場有名的專利拍賣市場。

9．網上的知識產權/技術交流/票據交換。功能像B2B網站一樣，使之成了1990′年代后期dot com繁榮期間的流行模式。

10．知識產權支持的金融家。為知識產權擁有者提供直接或中介融資，通常以貸款形式（債務融資）,債務融資安全以全部或部分知識產權資產價值為擔保（也就是知識產權抵押)。

11．知識產權證券化企業。作為法律顧問，協助和/或為專利所有者實施知識產權資產證券化融資交易提供資金（類似于更常見的抵押貸款支持證券）。

12．專利評級軟件和服務。提供先進的專利搜索和分析軟件工具，從而允許專利所有者、律師、投資者和知識產權市場其他玩家，獲得單個專利或專利組合各種情報和數據點。

13．大學技術轉移中介。具有知識產權開發公司、知識產權收購基金、授權代理商和/或專利經紀人的作用，但聚焦于恰當的大學技術轉讓(例如許可)市場。

附原文 IntellectualProperty BusinessModels by Duncan onSeptember3, 2008 Here’ssomething that you really should read if you’re interestedin the business ofintellectual property. RaymondMillien (CEO of PCT Capital, LLC) and Ron Laurie(Co-founder and ManagingDirector of Inflexion Point Strategy, LLC) have puttogether an impressivesummary of current and emerging intellectual propertybusiness models over atVCExperts – Asummary of established andemerging IP business models As youcan see from the quick summary below (and I really dorecommend you read theentire article which has much more depth), it is verypatent-focussed. Whatbusiness models would you add to more fully take intoaccount business modelsfocussed on other types of IP? Emerging 1. ? ?IP TransactionExchanges/Trading Platforms – plans have beenannounced to create traded exchanges (whetherphysical or onlinelocations) similar to the NYSE and NASDAQ where yet-to-becreated IP-basedfinancial instruments would be listed and traded much likestocks aretoday. 2. ? ?Defensive Patent Pools – seek to selectively acquire portfolios of patents fordefensivereasons. 3. ? ?Technology/IP SpinoutFinancing - organized as a traditional venture capital (VC)or privateequity firm, but specializing in spinning out promisingnon-core IP which hasbecome "stranded" within larger technologycompanies, or creatingjoint ventures between large technology companiesto commercialize thetechnology and monetize the associated IP. 4. ? ?Patent-Based Public Stock Indexes – the creation of formalized stock indexes based on their existingsoftwaretools and platforms. Established 1. ? ?Patent Licensing andEnforcement Companies (PLECs) – entities that ownone or more patent portfolios, attempt tolicense them though targetedletter-writing campaigns, and then file patentinfringement suits againstthose letter recipients who refuse to enter intonon-exclusive licenses. 2. ? ?Institutional PatentAggregators/IP Acquisition Funds –entities that typically operate as general partners of alimitedpartnership and raise money either from large technology companies orfromthe capital markers. 3. ? ?IP/Technology DevelopmentCompanies – entities that engage inR&D activities and produce IP(including both patents and know-how) muchlike traditional operatingcompanies; however, the developed technology is notused to manufactureproducts in the form of physical goods. 4. ? ?Licensing Agents - entities that function as intermediaries by attempting toassistpatent owners in finding licensees. 5. ? ?LitigationFinance/Investment Firms – entities that are a crossbetween IP Acquisition Funds andPLECs. 6. ? ?Patent Brokers – entitiesthat function essentially the same as Licensing Agentmodel discussed above, butthat they seek to assist patent owners in findingbuyers rather than licensees. 7. ? ?IP-Based M&A Advisory – entities that operate in a traditional investment bankingmodel –advising technology companies in their merger and acquisition(M&A)activities and earning fees based on the value of the entire deal(orapportioned according to the value of the IP within the deal). 8. ? ?IP Auction Houses – entitiesthat are attempting to do for the patent marketplace whatfamed London auctionhouses Christie’s and Sotheby’s did for the antiqueand art marketplace. 9. ? ?On-Line IP/TechnologyExchanges/Clearinghouse – entities that functionlike the business-to-business (B2B) websites that became the rage duringthe late 1990′sdot com boom. 10.IP-Backed Financiers – entities that provide financing for IP owners, either directlyoras intermediaries, usually in the form of loans (debt financing), wherethesecurity for the loan is either wholly or partially IP assets (i.e.,IPcollateralization). 11.Royalty StreamSecuritization Firms - entities that counsel,assist and/or provide capital to patentowners performing IPsecuritization financing transactions (which resemble themore commonmortgage-backed securities). 12.Patent Rating Software andServices - entities that provide advanced patent searchand analyticssoftware tools that allow patent owners, attorneys,investors and other playersin the IP marketplace to obtain variousintelligence and data points about asingle patent or patent portfolio. 13.University TechnologyTransfer Intermediaries - entities that function asIP Development Companies, IPAcquisition Funds, Licensing Agents and/orPatent Brokers, but focusing on theniche university technology transfer(i.e., licensing) market.

編譯：李春成，管理學博士、正高級工程師，現就職于天津市科學學研究所，長期從事科技政策與管理、區域科技與知識產權戰略與規劃等方面的研究工作。

譯文略作修改，供參考。

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